LESSON 18 - Word [Adjectives and Adverbs]

          This is a follow-up lesson in finding a job. These activities presented are great venues for English conversation. You are also offered the opportunity to apply your critical thinking in making decisions.

Exercise 1

Consider the situation:

1. If you could have any job in the world, what would you like to be? Why?

2. Do you think its fair for your boss to ask you to work overtime for no extra pay? Why or why not?

3. If you are paid for you overtime, would you prefer to be paid in money or in "time off."

4. Which of the following benefits is most important to you in a job and why?

     * a high salary

     * Good working conditions

     * A boss you enjoy working for

     * Co-workers you like

     * Little or no overtime

     * Good opportunities for advancement 

     * The opportunity to use the training and skills you have required

     * A job near where you like

     * The opportunity to travel

     * Flexible working hours

     * Are there any of these not important to you?

     * Are there any benefits not on the list that you would like to have?

ADJECTIVE OR ADVERB

THE DIFFERENCE

An adjective tells us more about a noun. Example: an expensive car, a clever girl

An adverb tells us more about a verb. Example: He talked nervously.

Wie ist eine Person (Sache)? »»» adjective.

Wie tut eine Person etwas? »»» adverb.

THE ADVERB

HOW TO FORM

Adjective + ly

sad	sadly	quiet	quietly
nervous	nervously	soft	softly

Adjectives ending in -y »»» ily

happy

happily

angry

angrily

Adjectives ending in le »»» ly

terrible

terribly

capable

capably

Adjectives ending in ly

friendly	in a friendly way / manner	daily	daily
lively	in a lively way / manner	early	early
lonely	in a lonely way / manner	monthly	monthly
lovely	in a lovely way / manner	weekly	weekly
silly	in a silly way / manner	yearly	yearly

Irregular forms

good	well	low	low
fast	fast	straight	straight
hard	hard	extra	extra
long	long	doubtless	doubtless

Double forms

hard	hard	hardly = kaum
near	near	nearly = beinahe
late	late	lately = in letzter Zeit

HOW TO USE THE ADVERB

Verb + adverb

The adverb describes a verb ( eine Tätigkeit wird näher beschrieben).

Example:	He	drove	carefully.
		verb	adverb
	She	sold	her	house	quickly
		verb			adverb

 

Adjective + adverb

The adverb describes an adjective (ein Adjektiv wird näher beschrieben).

Example:	Her	necklace	was	horribly	expensive.
				adverb	adjective
		She	was	terribly	sorry.
				adverb	adjective

 

Adverb + adverb

The adverb describes an adverb (ein Adverb wird näher beschrieben).

Example:	They	played	terribly	badly.
			adverb	adverb
	He did his homework		absolutely	correctly.
			adverb	adverb

 

No adverb with the following verbs

forms of to be:	am, is, are, was, were, will be, have been, had been
seem	get	turn	grow	sound
look (aussehen)	feel	taste	become	smell

Exercise 1
Directions: Fill in the words in brackets as adjective or adverb.

Example: Peter works ______ (slow).
Answer: Peter works slowly.

1) The bus driver was _____________ injured. (serious)
2) Kevin is _____________ clever. (extreme)
3) This hamburger tastes _____________. (awful)
4) Be _____________ with this glass of milk. It's hot. (careful)
5) Robin looks _____________. What's the matter with him? (sad)
6) Jack is _____________ upset about losing his keys. (terrible)
7) This steak smells _____________. (good)
8) Our basketball team played _____________ last Friday. (bad)
9) Don't speak so _____________ . I can't understand you. (fast)
10) Maria _____________ opened her present. (slow)

Exercise 2

Directions: Choose the correct item:

1. He (correct, correctly) defined the terms. The answer sounded (correctly, correct).

2. She (quickly, quick) adjusted the fees. She adapted (quick, quickly) to any situation.

3. He measured the floor (exact, exactly). They proved to be (perfectly, perfect) (exact, exactly) measurements.

4. The stillness of the tomb was (awfully, awful). The tomb was (awfully, awful) still.

5. It was a (dangerously, dangerous) lake to swim in. The man was (dangerous, dangerously) drunk. The gas smelled (dangerously,dangerous).

6. She performed (magnificent, magnificently). It was a (magnificent, magnificently) beautiful performance.

7. Her voice sounds (beautifully, beautiful). She sang the song (exact, exactly) as it was written. We heard it (perfectly, perfect).

8. He was a very (sensibly, sensible) person. He acted very (sensible, sensibly).

9. Mike wrote too (slow, slowly) on the exam. He always writes (slow, slowly).

10. Talk (softly, soft) or don't talk at all. The music played (softly, soft).

Exercise 3

Directions: What's the best word to complete the sentence?

1. She played _____.

          a. beautiful

          b. beautifuly

          c. beautifully

2. The TV's far too ____.

          a. loud

          b. loudly

          c. Either could be used here.

3. She speaks so very ____.

          a. quick

          b. quickly

4. She's a ____learner.

          a. quick

          b. quickly

5. I know them quite ____.

          a. good

          b. well

          c. Either could be used here.

6. Check your work ____.

          a. careful

          b. carefuly

          c. carefully

7. I've been having a lot of headaches ____.

          a. late

          b. lately

8. He's a ____ actor.

          a. terrible

          b. terribly

9. He should pass the test _____.

         a. easy

         b. easily

         c. easilly

10. He's really lazy and _____ tries.

         a. hard

         b. hardly

         c. Either could be used here.

Reference

 English, Communication Arts I (Conversational Approach) pp. 187-194

 http://www.english-4u.de/adjective_adverb.htm

 http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adjective_adverb2.htm

 https://owl.english.purdue.edu/exercises/2/2/8

 http://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/33.html

LESSON 17 - Finding a Job Dialog [Simple Questions, Short Affirmative and Negative Responses]

Question Transforms and Responses

Question transforms

Word order for simple questions:

Func. Verb + subject + simple form of the verb + rest of the sentence? (Do, does or did)

Examples:

Does he work indoors?

Do you fix cars?

Take note of question transforms and the corresponding short response.

Does he work indoors?                           Yes, he does.

                                                                No, he doesn't

Does she fix things?                                Yes, she does.

                                                                No, she doesn't

Do you clean the yard?                           Yes, I do.

                                                                No, I don't

The Short Responses

Short responses can either be an affirmative or negative.

The affirmative response = Yes + pronoun corresponding the subject of the question + do, does, did or the appropriate helping verb used in the question statement.

The negative  response = No + pronoun corresponding the subject of the question + contraction of do, does, did and not (don't, doesn't, didn't) or the appropriate helping verb used in the question.

 Examples:                         1. He fixes cars.

                                             Does he fix cars?

                                             Yes, he does.

                                             No, he doesn't.                                 

                                         2. I can use a word processor.

                                             Can you use a word processor?

                                             Yes, I can.

                                             No, I can't

Exercise 1

Teacher-directed Questions

            Teacher:          (to a student) Do you clean yards?

            Students:         Yes, I do.

            Student 1:       (Ask questions)

            Student 2:       (Replies)

Exercise 2

Role play

          A:          I'm a ______________________________.

          B:          Can you ___________________________?

          A:          _________________, I _________________.

          B:          Do you like to ______________________?

          A:          _________________, I _________________.

Exercise 3

Listening and Answering

          * Read the following passage, then formulate questions about each of them. (The first one is done for you).

          * Write your answer in your textbook.

Example:

Passage A: John likes to work outdoors. He likes to fix things. He can make tables and chairs. He cannot fix cars. He does not like to meet people.

questions:

What does John do?

Does John like to work outdoors?

Does he like to fix cars?

Can he make tables?

Passage B: Mary can type and take shorthand but she can use a word processor. She likes to work indoors and she likes to meet people. She does not like to sell or fix things.

Questions:

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Passage C: Fe likes to sell things. She likes to meet people and she wants to work in a department store. She wants to sell clothes or furniture. She can sell things very well.

Questions:

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________ 

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________ 

Passage D: Kim is a good cook. He likes to work indoors. He likes to meet people, but he doesn't want to be a waiter. He can cook American food, Chinese food and Mexican food aside from Filipino food, but he likes to cook Chinese food the most.

Questions:

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________ 

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________ 

Questions:

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________ 

__________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 4

Game Clues

           teacher gives clues one at a time, either orally or written, about the profession of one of his relatives. After each clue, students attempts to guess what relatives profession is.

Example:

My father like to work indoors. He likes to meet people. He doesn't like to fix things. He can cut hair very well.

Answer: Barber

* Now, write a brief set of sentences about one of your relatives. (Teacher goes around to help students with their vocabulary.)

* Each student reads his set to the class one at a time while the class tries to guess what their relatives do.

Reference

 English, Communication Arts I (Conversational Approach) pp. 179-186

LESSON 16 - Case Studies [Verbals]

          The case study exercise will solicit an opinion or an issue from  you which you classmate will discuss. Everyone should participate and express his opinion.

Exercise 1

Procedure:

          * Read the alternate response presented at the end of each case study and choose a response.

          * Record your answer on the blank provided in your workbook. (Keep your answers private and hand them in to your teacher.)

Case 1

           Ric Loria's wife has wanted him to go the PTA with her for weeks. He is to go next Tuesday. That Tuesday after you work, Ric's friends tell him that they are going drinking. They invite him, to come too. Ric likes to drink with his friends. What should he do?

a. Call his wife and tell her he has to work late and then go with his friends.

b. Tell his friends he cannot go because he promised his wife that he will go with her to PTA.

c. Tell his friends he has work to do at home and then go with his wife.

d. Go with his friends without calling his wife.

e. Go with his friends for a short time and then go home a little late for the PTA.

Response:

____________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 1

Directions: Read the sentences which tell us about Lyddie who is an adventurous and courageous child. Then arrange logically. Work in pairs.

______________ 1. It was adventurous because Lyddie was living and working on her own.

______________ 2. I like the fact that Lyddie got to feel what it was like to be an adult.

______________ 3. Lyddie was my favorite character because what she did was adventurous because Lyddie was living and working on her own.

______________ 4. It was courageous because her job in the mill was hard.

Verbals 

1.  Gerunds

A verbal is a word formed from a verb but functioning as a different part of speech.

A gerund is a verbal ending in -ing that functions as a noun.

Like an ordinary single-word noun, a gerund may be used as a

   SUBJECT

       

  

    DIRECT OBJECT

       

    RETAINED OBJECT     

                

    SUBJECTIVE COMPLEMENT

       

    OBJECT OF PREPOSITION       

       

   

      APPOSITIVE

      

    DELAYED APPOSITIVE  

        In the example below, the gerund phrase renames the subject, this.

       

NOTE:  Do not confuse gerunds with verbs (predicates) in the progressive tense.

    GERUND   

       

   

    PREDICATE VERB

       

    Even though is cooking and was scratching end in -ing, they are not gerunds because they are used as predicate verbs, not as nouns.

2.  Participles

A verbal is a word formed from a verb but functioning as a different part of speech.

A participle is a verbal that functions as an adjective.

Two kinds of participles:

    A. Present participles, always ending in -ing, are created from the form of a verb used with the verb to be ( am, is, are, was, were, been)  as an auxiliary verb (progressive tense).

Removing the auxiliary verb and using the -ing form of the main verb as an adjective produces a present participle.

    B.  Past participles, usually ending  in -ed  or -en, are created from the form of a verb used with the verb to be as an auxiliary verb (passive voice).

           

Removing the auxiliary verb and using the -en form of the main verb as an adjective produces a past participle.

Past participles may also be part of a participial phrase.

Participles and participial phrases should be placed near the nouns they modify.  They may either precede or follow a noun.

         

3.  Infinitives

A verbal is a word formed from a verb but functioning as a different part of speech.

An infinitive is a verbal formed by placing to in front of the simple present form of a verb.

    Examples:

            to swim            to think           to read          to be            to cut           to turn

 Infinitives may function as adjectives, adverbs, or nouns.

 

A.  Adjectival infinitives

Just like a single-word adjective, an infinitive used as an adjective always describes a noun.

An adjectival  infinitive always follows the noun it describes.

    EXAMPLE

       

Like gerunds and participles, infinitives may incorporate other words as part of their phrase.

    EXAMPLE

       

B.  Adverbial infinitives

Just like a single-word adverb, an infinitive used as an adverb always describes a verb.

An adverbial infinitive usually occurs at the beginning or at the end of a sentence and does not need to be near the verb it describes.

    EXAMPLE:  Adverbial infinitive at sentence beginning

       

    EXAMPLE:  Adverbial infinitive at sentence end

       

HINT:  You can always identify an adverbial infinitive by inserting the test words in order in front of

             infinitive.  If the words in order make sense, the infinitive is adverbial.  

            

PUNCTUATION  NOTE:

    1.  Use a comma after the adverbial infinitive when it starts a sentence.

    2.  Do not separate the adverbial infinitive from the rest of the sentence if the infinitive ends the

         sentence.

C.  Nominal infinitives

Like a single-word noun, a nominal infinitive may function as a

    SUBJECT

       

   DIRECT OBJECT

          

    RETAINED OBJECT

          

    SUBJECTIVE COMPLEMENT

           

   APPOSITIVE

           

    DELAYED APPOSITIVE

           

Exercise 1

Directions: Identify the underlined part of speech. After completing the entire exercise, click on the "Are You Prepared?" button at the bottom of this page to see the answers.

1. The thief arrested for the robbery shot at the security guard.
 

           a. gerund     b. participle     c. infinitive

2. The flag waving in the wind is inspirational.            a. gerund     b. participle     c. infinitive

3. They are sure the extra planning will make a difference in the end.            a. gerund     b. participle     c. infinitive

4. Jamal's confusing message did nothing to solve the mystery.            a. gerund     b. participle     c. infinitive

5. Godzilla made a game of smashing all of the red cars parked near the lake.            a. gerund     b. participle     c. infinitive

6. The politician's broken promises were all that the voters remembered.            a. gerund     b. participle     c. infinitive

7. Delighted with the opportunity to learn, Christine took the internship in New York.            a. gerund     b. participle     c. infinitive

8. While playing the tuba, Orin felt as if his world was perfect.            a. gerund     b. participle     c. infinitive

9. The show offers everyone a chance to be a millionaire.            a. gerund     b. participle     c. infinitive

10. Samuel decided that missing the lecture every day was hurting his grade.            a. gerund     b. participle     c. infinitive  

Exercise 2

Directions: Underline the verbal phrases in the following sentences, then tell whether each one is a gerund, a participle, or an infinitive.

_____________________ 1. He got in trouble for cheating on the test.
_____________________ 2. Everyone stopped to stare at the screaming child.
_____________________ 3. Copying your friend’s homework is wrong.
_____________________ 4. Did you buy a new jogging suit?
_____________________ 5. It’s time to go home.
_____________________ 6. The crying baby had a wet diaper.
_____________________ 7. My father likes to drive fast.
_____________________ 8. We went to see a movie this past weekend.
_____________________ 9. Playing tennis can be a good form of exercise.
_____________________ 10. Stop fighting with your sister!

Exercise 3

Directions: Write your own definition of the following:

A gerund is:_________________________________________________________________________

A participle is: ______________________________________________________________________

An infinitive is: ______________________________________________________________________

Directions: Do the following:

 

1. Write a sentence with a gerund.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Write one sentence using a participle as an opener.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Write one sentence with an infinitive.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Reference

 English, Communication Arts I (Conversational Approach) pp. 167-177 

 http://towson.edu/ows/verbals.html

 http://www.grammaruntied.com/verbals/verbalpractice.html

 http://www.esl4kids.net/printable/Verbs_andVerbals.pdf

LESSON 15 - Asking Directions [Imperative Sentence, Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases]

IMPERATIVE SENTENCE

The imperative tense in English is used to give an order, a warning, an appeal, an advice, a suggestion, an instruction and in some cases a request to another person, to a group of people or to animals. It is very easy to form the imperative sentence: Simply take the verbs' infinitive form (without the "to" infinitive indicator). Usually the verb will be placed at the beginning of the sentence.

For example:

Close the door.

Give me the keys.

The above form is used if a person gives an order to another person or to a group of people. But if the imperative includes oneself in the group of people who receive the order the words "Let us" or "Let's" are added before the infinitive in the sentence.

For example:

Let's eat something, we are all hungry.

Let us be happy, we are all fine.

In order to create a negative form of an imperative, place "do not", "don't" or "let's not" in front of the infinitive form of the verb (again without "to").

For example:

Don't go, I need you here.

Let's not be sad, we are all fine.

The imperative form can also be used to make a request, if you add "please" to the imperative sentence. You can also add "Would you" instead or in addition to "please" (which can be a question or a polite order).

For example:

Please come, I need you there.

Please don't go, I need you here.

More examples:

Stand up when I speak to you (order)

Press the button in order to activate the machine (instruction)

Do not touch it, it is hot! (warning)

Take a left at the corner (advice, suggestion)

Exercise 1

Directions: Make an imperative sentence for each of the following situations.

1. You are a teacher. Give some instructions to start a class.

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. You are a father or a mother. Your son is going to practice karate for the first time. You are worried.

You say...

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. You are a doctor. You have a patient with cough and fever. Give him some basic recommendations.

_________________________________________________________________________________

4. You have a little brother. He’s eating dirt from the flowerpot. What do you say?

_________________________________________________________________________________

5. You had an accident. You are in bed and can’t move. You need some help...

_________________________________________________________________________________

6. You have a sister. She's going on vacation to the beach. Give some advice to her...

_________________________________________________________________________________

7. It is cold and windy outside. You are going to go out. Your mother says...

_________________________________________________________________________________

8. Your friends are going to go shopping. You want something. You say...

_________________________________________________________________________________

9. You have a little sister. You are going out to school, but she is taking too long to get ready. It’s 6:35!

You say...

_________________________________________________________________________________

10.Your cousin is at home using your computer, but you need it now to do some homework. You say...

_________________________________________________________________________________

PREPOSITIONS

Prepositions are words which begin prepositional phrases.

A prepositional phrase is a group of words containing a preposition, a noun or pronoun object of the preposition, and any modifiers of the object.

A preposition sits in front of (is “pre-positioned” before) its object.

The following words are the most commonly used prepositions:

about	below	excepting	off	toward
above	beneath	for	on	under
across	beside(s)	from	onto	underneath
after	between	in	out	until
against	beyond	in front of	outside	up
along	but	inside	over	upon
among	by	in spite of	past	up to
around	concerning	instead of	regarding	with
at	despite	into	since	within
because of	down	like	through	without
before	during	near	throughout	with regard to
behind	except	of	to	with respect to

                                     

         

It is useful to locate prepositional phrases in sentences since any noun or pronoun within the prepositional phrase must be the preposition’s object and, therefore, cannot be misidentified as a verb’s direct object.

To the store is a prepositional phrase.

Store is the object of the preposition to, not the direct object of the verb drove.

           

Car is the direct object of the verb drove.

To the grocery store is a prepositional phrase.

           

NOTE:

A word that looks like a preposition but is actually part of a verb is called a particle.

Held up is a verb meaning “to rob.”

Therefore, up is not a preposition, and bank is not the object of a preposition.

Instead, bank is the direct object of the verb held up.

To avoid confusing prepositions with particles, test by moving the word (up) and words following it to the front of the sentence:

                Up the bank four armed men held.

If the resulting sentence does not make sense, then the word belongs with the verb and is a particle, not a preposition.

Note the difference:

The resulting sentence makes sense.  Therefore, up is a preposition.

The resulting sentence does not make sense.  Therefore, up is a particle in this sentence. 

    

The following examples illustrate the difference between prepositions and particles:

     

Some other examples of particles:

give in	turn in	pull through	wore out	broke up
go in for	put in for	bring up	found out	blow up
look up	make up	look over

Exercise 2

Directions: For each question, choose the single best answer.

1. My best friend lives ______ Boretz Road.

          a. in

          b. on

          c. at

2. I'll be ready to leave ____ about twenty minutes.

          a. in

          b. on

          c. at

3. Since he met his new girlfriend, Juan never seems to be ______ home.

          a. on

          b. in

          c. at

4. The child responded to his mother's demands ______ throwing a tantrum.

          a. with

          b. by

          c. from

5. I think she spent the entire afternoon ______ the phone.

          a. on

          b. in

          c. at

6. I will wait ______ 6:30, but then I'm going home.

          a. from

          b. at

          c. until

7. The police caught the thief _____ the corner of Cascade and Plum Streets.

          a. in

          b. at

          c. from

8. My fingers were injured so my sister had to write the note _____ me.

          a. for

          b. with

          c. to

9. I am not interested _____ buying a new car now.

          a. to

          b. for

          c. in

10. What are the main ingredients ______ this casserole?

          a. about

          b. to

          c. of

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

Recognize a prepositional phrase when you see one.

At the minimum, a prepositional phrase will begin with a preposition and end with a noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause, the "object" of the preposition.
The object of the preposition will often have one or more modifiers to describe it. These are the patterns for a prepositional phrase:

preposition + noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause

preposition + modifier(s) + noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause

Here are some examples of the most basic prepositional phrase:

At home

At = preposition; home = noun.

In time

In = preposition; time = noun.

From Richie

From = preposition; Richie = noun.

With me

With = preposition; me = pronoun.

By singing

By = preposition; singing = gerund.

About what we need

About = preposition; what we need = noun clause.

Most prepositional phrases are longer, like these:

From my grandmother

From = preposition; my = modifier; grandmother = noun.

Under the warm blanket

Under = preposition; the, warm = modifiers; blanket = noun.

In the weedy, overgrown garden

In = preposition; the, weedy, overgrown = modifiers; garden = noun.

Along the busy, six-lane highway

Along = preposition; the, busy, six-lane = modifiers; highway = noun.

Without excessively worrying

Without = preposition; excessively = modifier; worrying = gerund.

Understand what prepositional phrases do in a sentence.

A prepositional phrase will function as an adjective or adverb. As an adjective, the prepositional phrase will answer the question Which one?
Read these examples:

The book on the bathroom floor is swollen from shower steam.

Which book? The one on the bathroom floor!

The sweet potatoes in the vegetable bin are green with mold.

Which sweet potatoes? The ones forgotten in the vegetable bin!

The note from Beverly confessed that she had eaten the leftover pizza.

Which note? The one from Beverly!

As an adverb, a prepositional phrase will answer questions such as How? When? or Where?

Freddy is stiff from yesterday's long football practice.

How did Freddy get stiff? From yesterday's long football practice!

Before class, Josh begged his friends for a pencil.

When did Josh do his begging? Before class!

Feeling brave, we tried the Dragon Breath Burritos at Tito's Taco Palace.

Where did we eat the spicy food? At Tito's Taco Palace!

Remember that a prepositional phrase will never contain the subject of a sentence.

Sometimes a noun within the prepositional phrase seems the logical subject of a verb. Don't fall for that trick! You will never find a subject in a prepositional phrase. Look at this example:

Neither of these cookbooks contains the recipe for Manhattan-style squid eyeball stew.

Cookbooks do indeed contain recipes. In this sentence, however, cookbooks is part of the prepositional phrase of these cookbooks. Neither—whatever a neither is—is the subject for the verb contains.
Neither is singular, so you need the singular form of the verb, contains. If you incorrectly identified cookbooks as the subject, you might write contain, the plural form, and thus commit a subject-verb agreement error.
Some prepositions—such as along with and in addition to—indicate "more to come." They will make you think that you have a plural subject when in fact you don't. Don't fall for that trick either! Read this example:

Tommy, along with the other students, breathed a sigh of relief when Mrs. Markham announced that she was postponing the due date for the research essay.

Logically, more than one student is happy with the news. But Tommy is the only subject of the verb breathed. His classmates count in the real world, but in the sentence, they don't matter, locked as they are in the prepositional phrase.

Exercise 3

Directions: Indicate the prepositional phrases in these sentences.

1.  After school, the boys played a game of baseball at the park.

2.  We hid our canoe in the bushes and set up camp by the river.

3.  Candy signed her name on the line and passed the paper across the table.

4.  Without any warning, the dog dashed to the door and barked loudly.

5. The storm caused the tree in our front yard to fall against the house.

Directions: Try to determine whether the boldfaced word is a preposition or an adverb.

6.  Pull up a chair and sit down by Steven.

7.  Throughout the day, Carla hummed a favorite song to herself.

8.  Please bring the newspaper inside.

9.  After brushing her teeth, Margaret likes to read in bed before going to sleep.

10. Run to the store across the street and pick up a gallon of milk, please.

11. Haley rode her bike across the bridge into Red Bank and hung out with her friends.

12.  Linda stood up and clapped loudly.

13.  Lisa borrowed a sweatshirt from her friend.

14. Be careful walking across the wet floor.

15.  I saw an interesting show about Mt. Everest on television yesterday.

Reference

 English, Communication Arts I (Conversational Approach) pp. 147-151
 http://www.vocabulix.com/grammar/imperative-sentence-english.shtml
 http://www.towson.edu/ows/prepositions.htm
 http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/preposition_quiz1.htm
 http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/prepositionalphrase.htm
 http://www.education.com/study-help/article/prepositions-prepositional-phrases_answer/