The case study exercise will solicit an opinion or an issue from you which you classmate will discuss. Everyone should participate and express his opinion.
Exercise 1
Procedure:
* Read the alternate response presented at the end of each case study and choose a response.
* Record your answer on the blank provided in your workbook. (Keep your answers private and hand them in to your teacher.)
Case 1
Ric Loria's wife has wanted him to go the PTA with her for weeks. He is to go next Tuesday. That Tuesday after you work, Ric's friends tell him that they are going drinking. They invite him, to come too. Ric likes to drink with his friends. What should he do?
a. Call his wife and tell her he has to work late and then go with his friends.
b. Tell his friends he cannot go because he promised his wife that he will go with her to PTA.
c. Tell his friends he has work to do at home and then go with his wife.
d. Go with his friends without calling his wife.
e. Go with his friends for a short time and then go home a little late for the PTA.
Response:
____________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 1
Directions: Read the sentences which tell us about Lyddie who is an adventurous and courageous child. Then arrange logically. Work in pairs.
______________ 1. It was adventurous because Lyddie was living and working on her own.
______________ 2. I like the fact that Lyddie got to feel what it was like to be an adult.
______________ 3. Lyddie was my favorite character because what she did was adventurous because Lyddie was living and working on her own.
______________ 4. It was courageous because her job in the mill was hard.
Verbals
1. Gerunds
A verbal is a word formed from a verb but functioning as a different part of
speech.
A gerund is a verbal ending in -ing that functions as a noun.
Like an ordinary single-word noun, a gerund may be used as a
In the example below, the
gerund phrase renames the subject, this.
NOTE: Do not confuse gerunds with verbs (predicates) in the progressive
tense.
GERUND
PREDICATE VERB
Even though is cooking and was
scratching end in -ing, they are not gerunds because they are
used as predicate verbs, not as nouns.
2. Participles
A verbal is a word formed from a verb but functioning as a different part of
speech.
A participle is a verbal that functions as an adjective.
Two kinds of participles:
A. Present participles, always ending in -ing,
are created from the form of a verb used with the verb to be ( am,
is, are, was, were, been) as an auxiliary verb (progressive tense).
Removing the auxiliary verb and using the -ing form of the main verb as an adjective produces a present participle.
B. Past participles, usually ending in
-ed or -en, are created from the form of a verb used
with the verb to be as an auxiliary verb (passive voice).
Removing the auxiliary verb and using the -en form of the main
verb as an adjective produces a past participle.
Past participles may also be part of a participial phrase.
Participles and participial phrases should be placed near the
nouns they modify. They may either precede or follow a noun.
3. Infinitives
A verbal is a word formed from a verb but functioning as a different part of
speech.
An infinitive is a verbal formed by placing to in front
of the simple present form of a verb.
Examples:
to
swim to
think to
read to
be to
cut to turn
Infinitives may function as adjectives, adverbs, or nouns.
A. Adjectival infinitives
Just like a single-word adjective, an infinitive used as an adjective always
describes a noun.
An adjectival infinitive always follows the noun it describes.
EXAMPLE
Like gerunds and participles, infinitives may
incorporate other words as part of their phrase.
EXAMPLE
B. Adverbial infinitives
Just like a single-word adverb, an infinitive used as an adverb always
describes a verb.
An adverbial infinitive usually occurs at the beginning or at the end of a
sentence and does not need to be near the verb it describes.
EXAMPLE: Adverbial infinitive at sentence beginning
EXAMPLE: Adverbial infinitive at sentence end
HINT: You can always identify an adverbial infinitive by
inserting the test words in order in front of
infinitive. If the words in order make sense, the infinitive
is adverbial.
PUNCTUATION NOTE:
1. Use a comma after the adverbial infinitive when
it starts a sentence.
2. Do not separate the adverbial infinitive from the
rest of the sentence if the infinitive ends the
sentence.
C. Nominal infinitives
Like a single-word noun, a nominal infinitive may function as a
SUBJECT
DIRECT OBJECT
RETAINED OBJECT
SUBJECTIVE COMPLEMENT
APPOSITIVE
DELAYED APPOSITIVE
Exercise 1
Directions: Identify the underlined part of speech. After completing the entire
exercise, click on the "Are You Prepared?" button at the bottom of this
page to see the answers.
1. The thief arrested for the robbery shot at the security guard.
a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive
2. The flag waving in the wind is inspirational. a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive
3. They are sure the extra planning will make a difference in the end. a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive
4. Jamal's confusing message did nothing to solve the mystery. a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive
5. Godzilla made a game of smashing all of the red cars parked near the lake. a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive
6. The politician's broken promises were all that the voters remembered. a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive
7. Delighted with the opportunity to learn, Christine took the internship in New York. a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive
8. While playing the tuba, Orin felt as if his world was perfect. a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive
9. The show offers everyone a chance to be a millionaire. a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive
10. Samuel decided that missing the lecture every day was hurting his grade. a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive
2. The flag waving in the wind is inspirational. a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive
3. They are sure the extra planning will make a difference in the end. a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive
4. Jamal's confusing message did nothing to solve the mystery. a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive
5. Godzilla made a game of smashing all of the red cars parked near the lake. a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive
6. The politician's broken promises were all that the voters remembered. a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive
7. Delighted with the opportunity to learn, Christine took the internship in New York. a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive
8. While playing the tuba, Orin felt as if his world was perfect. a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive
9. The show offers everyone a chance to be a millionaire. a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive
10. Samuel decided that missing the lecture every day was hurting his grade. a. gerund b. participle c. infinitive
Exercise 2
Directions: Underline the verbal phrases in the following sentences, then tell whether each one is a gerund, a participle, or an infinitive.
_____________________ 1. He got in trouble for cheating on the test.
_____________________ 2. Everyone stopped to stare at the screaming child.
_____________________ 3. Copying your friend’s homework is wrong.
_____________________ 4. Did you buy a new jogging suit?
_____________________ 5. It’s time to go home.
_____________________ 6. The crying baby had a wet diaper.
_____________________ 7. My father likes to drive fast.
_____________________ 8. We went to see a movie this past weekend.
_____________________ 9. Playing tennis can be a good form of exercise.
_____________________ 10. Stop fighting with your sister!
Exercise 3
Directions:
Write your own definition of the following:
A
gerund is:_________________________________________________________________________
A
participle is: ______________________________________________________________________
An
infinitive is: ______________________________________________________________________
Directions: Do the following:
- Write a sentence with a gerund.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- Write one sentence using a participle as an opener.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- Write one sentence with an infinitive.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Reference
http://towson.edu/ows/verbals.html
http://www.grammaruntied.com/verbals/verbalpractice.html
http://www.esl4kids.net/printable/Verbs_andVerbals.pdf
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